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 July 9, 2015 Mass Shooting

• Mass shooting committed by a white supremacist.
• The shooter was a high school dropout with strong racist beliefs.
• Claimed he “had to do it” motivated by deep racial hatred.

Reconstruction Period (Post–Civil War)

• Black Americans gained rights during Reconstruction, including voting and holding office.
• 12 Black men were elected to government positions, including seats in the U.S. Senate.
• Progress was met with fierce backlash and resistance from white communities.

Rise of Jim Crow & Racism

• After Reconstruction, Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation.
• Black rights were stripped away under new legal systems.
• Black Americans were villainized in the media and treated as second-class citizens.
• The legal system worked to keep Black communities oppressed.

Voting Rights & Political Struggles

• Black voters often walked up to 25 miles to attend political meetings.
• Had to travel in large, armed groups for protection when going to vote.
• Democratic campaigns were extremely racist and used fear tactics to stop Black voting.

Key Dates in Black History

• April 9, 1865: End of the Civil War and end of slavery in the U.S.
• Summer 1862: Enslaved people began joining the Union Army, helping turn the tide of the war.

Social Issues & the Freedmen’s Bureau

• After slavery, many Black families were separated and used newspaper ads to try to find loved ones.
• Freedmen’s Bureau was established to:
• Help freed families transition to freedom.
• Settle land disputes and support Black communities.
• Keep peace in the South after the war.

Lincoln, Johnson & Black Rights

• Abraham Lincoln believed Black men should have the right to vote.
• He was assassinated on Good Friday by John Wilkes Booth.
• Andrew Johnson became president afterward and opposed Black rights.
• Frederick Douglass saw Johnson as being against racial equality.

Lasting Struggles

• Black Codes were laws that restricted Black freedoms even after slavery ended.
• Slavery truly ended only with the passing of the 13th Amendment, which made it permanently illegal.
• Racial injustice continued in education, jobs, public safety, and citizenship rights.

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